Binds AI developers / providers / deployers / users; extraterritorial (local representative required). Three-tier risk classification; high-risk AI needs conformity assessment + registration (general grace to 1 Mar 2027).
Sector-differentiated grace period: 12 months (to 1 Mar 2027) for most sectors; 18 months (to 1 Sep 2027) for healthcare, education and finance. Implementing Decree 142/2026/ND-CP in force 1 May 2026.
Stated maximum penalty — Admin fines up to ₫2B (decree-set)
In force · 1 Mar 2026✓ checked 14 Aug 2026Law 134/2025/QH15 ↗high confidence
Binds Providers / deployers of generative AI and user-facing AI systems. Machine-readable labels on AI media; disclose when users interact with AI; deceptive deepfakes banned.
Stated maximum penalty — Admin fines (decree-set)
In force · 1 Mar 2026✓ checked 14 Aug 2026Law 134/2025/QH15 ↗high confidence
Binds Operators and providers of the 46 designated high-risk AI systems in Vietnam. Designates 46 specific AI systems as high-risk; new deployments require pre-deployment conformity assessment from Aug 15 2026.
In force from 15 August 2026. Day-of verification (15 Aug 2026): the Government legal-document portal record for Decision 33/2026/QD-TTg lists Ngay ban hanh (issued) 30-06-2026 and Ngay co hieu luc (effective) 15-08-2026. Existing systems have a transition period: 1 March 2027 (most sectors) or 1 September 2027 (healthcare, education, finance); new deployments of the 46 designated systems require pre-deployment conformity assessment from today. MoST (mst.gov.vn) published explainer content on the 6 covered sectors and both transition deadlines on 3 Jul 2026 (https://mst.gov.vn/46-he-thong-ai-duoc-xep-vao-nhom-rui-ro-cao-phai-quan-ly-nghiem-ngat-197260703152945179.htm), with a further notice on 8 Jul 2026 — contextual guidance, not a new binding regulation.
Stated maximum penalty — Enforcement under Vietnam AI Law 134/2025 / Decree 142
When does Law on AI (Law 134/2025/QH15) take effect in Vietnam?
Law on AI (Law 134/2025/QH15) is already in force, with obligations live since March 1, 2026. Dedicated horizontal AI law in force since 1 Mar 2026.
Who must comply with AI rules in Vietnam?
Current obligations bind, among others, AI developers / providers / deployers / users; extraterritorial (local representative required); Providers / deployers of generative AI and user-facing AI systems. Scope and thresholds vary per instrument — see each row's source for the legal text.
What are the penalties for AI non-compliance in Vietnam?
Stated statutory maxima include: Law 134/2025/QH15 — Admin fines up to ₫2B (decree-set); Law 134/2025/QH15 — Admin fines (decree-set). These are the maximum amounts in the instruments; actual enforcement is at the regulator's discretion.
Not legal advice. Each obligation links to its primary source and carries the date it was last checked; verify the legal text before relying on it.